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PLC

A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a special form of microprocessor- based controller that uses a programmable memory to store instructions and to implement functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic in order to control machines and processes and are designed to be operated by engineers with perhaps a limited knowledge of computers and computing languages. They are not designed so that only computer programmers can set up or change the programs. Thus, the designers of the PLC have pre-programmed it so that the control program can be entered using a simple, rather intuitive, form of language. The term logic is used because programming is primarily concerned with implementing logic and switching operations, e.g. if A or B occurs switch on C, if A and B occurs switch on D. Input devices, e.g. sensors such as switches, and output devices in the system being controlled, e.g. motors, valves, etc., are connected to the PLC. The operator then enters a sequence of instructions, i.e. a program, into the memory of the PLC. The controller then monitors the inputs and outputs according to this program and carries out the control rules for which it has been programmed. PLCs have the great advantage that the same basic controller can be used with a wide range of control systems. To modify a control system and the rules that are to be used, all that is necessary is for an operator to key in a different set of instructions. There is no need to rewire. The result is a flexible, cost effective, system which can be used with control systems which vary quite widely in their nature and complexity. PLCs are similar to computers but whereas computers are optimised for calculation and display tasks, PLCs are optimised for control tasks and the industrial environment. Thus PLCs are: 1 Rugged and designed to withstand vibrations, temperature, humidity and noise. 2 Have interfacing for inputs and outputs already inside the controller. 3. Are easily programmed and have an easily understood programming language which is primarily concerned with logic and switching operations.

Programmable Logic Controllers, also called programmable controllers or PLCs, are solid-state members of the computer family, using integrated circuits instead of electromechanical devices to implement control functions. They are capable of storing instructions, such as sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, data manipulation, and communication, to control industrial machines and processes. Programmable controllers have many definitions. However, PLCs can be thought of in simple terms as industrial computers with specially designed architecture in both their central units (the PLC itself) and their interfacing circuitry to field devices (input/output connections to the real world).

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Ex equipment is designed to pre-empt a fire in the Plant in the event that flammabbe gases is released

Explosion proof equipment (Ex-d) also called flame proof in India does this by preventing the flame generated in the enclosure by sparking to travel to the outside of the enclosure

To do this effectively the enclosure must with stand the explosion pressure with out deformation of the flame path

the joints in the enclosure are designed to have sufficient length and min safe gap to prevent the flame travel to the outside of the enclosure

to withstand the explosion pressure the walls should have sufficient strength providing sufficient wall thickness and/or cylindrical walls and/or strengthening ribs

The matl used is LM6 which is costly. Some unscrupulous manufacturers use reduced wall thickness and do not do 100% pressure testing which is mandatory

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AC Variable Drive

AC variable frequency drive is a system for controlling the rotational speed of an alternating current (AC) electric motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor. A variable frequency drive is a specific type of adjustable speed drive. Variable frequency drives are also known as adjustable frequency drives (AFD), variable speed drives (VSD), AC drives or inverter drives. A variable frequency drive system generally consists of an AC motor, a controller and an operator interface. The motor used in a VFD system is usually a three-phase induction motor. Variable frequency drive controllers are solid-state electronic power conversion devices. The usual design first converts AC input power to DC intermediate power using a rectifier bridge. The operator interface provides a means for an operator to start and stop the motor and adjust the operating speed.

Programmable logic controller

PLC & input/output arrangements
A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.
Contents
1 Features
2 PLC compared with other control systems
3 Digital and analog signals
3.1 Example
4 System scale
5 Programming
6 User interface
7 Communications
8 History
9 See also
10 External links
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Quality Policy and Mission

Mission Statement

We will be the leading supplier to the Control Panels and Control systems industry by the year 2012



Quality Policy

We are committed to provide cost effective solutions in Control gears and Control systems for automation

We are committed to continual improvement in our Quality Management System
We will regularly review and upgrade our producs, services and the QMS


Baljinder Singh
CEO